JEFFREY H. NORWITZ

Foreword - by Stansfield Turner, Admiral USN (ret), Director of Central Intelligence (1977-1981)

Armed Groups and Diplomacy: East Timor’s FRETLIN Guerrillas - by Gene B. Christy (Department of State)

Adapting to a Changing Environment: The Irish Republican Army as an Armed Group - by Timothy D. Hoyt (Naval War College)

Pseudo Operations: A Double-Edged Sword of Counterinsurgency - by Theodore L. Gatchel (Naval War College)

Present Context and Environment

The Threat to the Maritime Domain: How Real Is the Terrorist Threat? - by Rohan Gunaratna (S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies)

Armed Groups and the Law - by Craig H. Allen (University of Washington)

Globalization and the Transformation of Armed Groups - by Querine H. Hanlon (National Defense University)

Is It Possible to Deter Armed Groups? - by Yosef Kuperwasser (Israel Defense Force)

Sanctuary: The Geopolitics of Terrorism and Insurgency - by Mackubin Thomas Owens (Naval War College)

Small Wars Are Local: Debunking Current Assumptions about Countering Small Armed Groups - by Peter E. Curry (Marine Corps War College)

Piracy and the Exploitation of Sanctuary - by Martin N. Murphy (King’s College London)

Domestic Terrorism: Forgotten But Not Gone - by Edward J. Valla and Gregory Comcowich (Federal Bureau of Investigation)

The Threat of Armed Street Gangs in America - by Edward J. Maggio (New York Institute of Technology)

Prosecuting Homegrown Extremists: Case Study of the Virginia “Paintball Jihad” Cell - by Steven Emerson (The Investigative Project)

Religion as Inspiration

Armed with the Power of Religion: Not Just a War of Ideas - by Pauletta Otis (Marine Corps Command & Staff College)

Arming for Armageddon: Myths and Motivations of Violence in American Christian Apocalypticism - by Timothy J. Demy (Naval War College)

Glory in Defeat and Other Islamist Ideologies - by Mehrdad Mozayyan (Naval War College)

Thinking Differently about Armed Groups

The Erosion of Constraints in Armed Group Warfare: Bloody Tactics and Vulnerable Targets - by Andrea J. Dew (Naval War College)

Knowledge Transfer and Shared Learning among Armed Groups - by James J. F. Forest (Combating Terrorism Center, West Point)

The ‘Memory of War’: Tribes and the Legitimate Use of Force in Iraq - by Montgomery McFate (Institute for Defense Analysis)

Terrorist or Freedom Fighter? Tyrant or Guardian? - by Derek S. Reveron (Naval War College) and Jeffrey S. Murer (University of St. Andrews)

Disrupting and Influencing Leaders of Armed Groups - by Elena Mastors and Jeffrey H. Norwitz (Naval War College)

Armed Groups through the Lens of Anthropology - by David W. Kriebel (Naval War College)

The Shape of Things to Come

Children on the Battlefield: The Breakdown of Moral Norms - by Peter W. Singer (The Brookings Institution)

The “New Silk Road” of Terrorism and Organized Crime: The Key to Countering the Terror-Crime Nexus - by Russell D. Howard and Colleen M. Traughber (The Jebsen Center for Counter-Terrorism Studies)

Shari’a Financing and the Coming Ummah - by Rachel Ehrenfeld and Alyssa A. Lappen (American Center of Democracy)

Terrorism as an International Security Problem - by Martha Crenshaw (Stanford University)

Takin’ It to the Streets: Hydra Networks, Chaos Strategies, and the “New” Asymmetry - by P. H. Liotta (Pell Center for International Relations and Public Policy)

Virtual Sanctuary Enables Global Insurgency - by Richard Shultz (Tufts University)

Armed Groups; Changing the Rules - by T. X. Hammes (U.S. Marine Corps ret.)

Appendix

Guidelines on Humanitarian Negotiations with Armed Groups - by United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs